Linux Kernel is the essential part of Linux, responsible for resource allocation, low-level hardware interfaces, security, simple communications, and basic file system management.
Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. It aims towards POSIX and Single UNIX Specification compliance.
It has all the features you would expect in a modern fully-fledged Unix, including true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared copy-on-write executables, proper memory management, and multistack networking including IPv4 and IPv6.
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What's New in This Release: [ read full changelog ]
· the "uapi" include file cleanups. The idea is that the stuff exported to user space should now be found under include/uapi and arch/$(ARCH)/include/uapi.
· arm64 architecture inclusion
· arm multiplatform code
· ARM virtualization and Xen support.
· user namespaces are coming back in a workable form.
· signed kernel modules
· nice cleanups: workqueues (Tejun Heo) and generic execve/kernel_thread (Al Viro)
Mergelog since 3.6:
· GFS2 updates from Steven Whitehouse
· regmap updates from Mark Brown
· regulator updates from Mark Brown
· the trivial tree from Jiri Kosina
· HID updates from Jiri Kosina
· localmodconfig fixes from Steven Rostedt
· ktest fix from Steven Rostedt
· RCU changes from Ingo Molnar
· core kernel fixes from Ingo Molnar
· core locking changes from Ingo Molnar
· trivial irq core update from Ingo Molnar
· perf update from Ingo Molnar
· perf fix from Ingo Molnar
· scheduler changes from Ingo Molnar
· timer changes from Ingo Molnar
· x86/apic changes from Ingo Molnar
· x86/asm changes from Ingo Molnar
· x86/build changes from Ingo Molnar
· x86/cleanups from Ingo Molnar
· x86/cpu and x86/cpufeature from Ingo Molnar
· x86 debug update from Ingo Molnar
· x86/EFI changes from Ingo Molnar
· x86/fpu update from Ingo Molnar
· x86/MCE update from Ingo Molnar
· x86/mm changes from Ingo Molnar
· x86/platform changes from Ingo Molnar
· x86/microcode changes from Ingo Molnar
· s390 updates from Martin Schwidefsky
· arm64 support from Catalin Marinas
· PCI changes from Bjorn Helgaas
· clk framework update from Michael Turquette
· char/misc driver merge from Greg Kroah-Hartman
· driver core merge from Greg Kroah-Hartman
· staging tree update from Greg Kroah-Hartman
· TTY changes from Greg Kroah-Hartman
· USB changes from Greg Kroah-Hartman
· hwmon updates from Guenter Roeck
· dlm updates from David Teigland
· m68k updates from Geert Uytterhoeven
· ia64 update from Tony Luck
· x86/smap support from Ingo Molnar
· CIFS updates from Steve French
· non-critical ARM soc bug fixes from Olof Johansson
· ARM soc general cleanups from Olof Johansson
· ARM soc MAINTAINERS updates from Olof Johansson
· ARM soc-specific updates from Olof Johansson
· ARM soc device tree updates from Olof Johansson
· ARM soc cleanups, part 2 from Olof Johansson
· ARM soc-specific updates, take 2 from Olof Johansson
· ARM soc driver specific changes from Olof Johansson
· ARM soc board specific updates from Olof Johansson
· ARM soc device tree updates, take 2 from Olof Johansson
· ARM soc documentation updates from Olof Johansson
· ARM soc multiplatform enablement from Olof Johansson
· workqueue changes from Tejun Heo
· cgroup updates from Tejun Heo
· cgroup hierarchy update from Tejun Heo
· user namespace changes from Eric Biederman
· sparc updates from David Miller
· networking changes from David Miller
· GPIO changes from Linus Walleij
· pinctrl changes from Linus Walleij
· input updates from Dmitry Torokhov
· infiniband updates from Roland Dreier
· spi updates from Mark Brown
· libata changes from Jeff Garzik
· power management updates from Rafael J Wysocki
· first round of SCSI updates from James Bottomley
· CMA and DMA-mapping updates from Marek Szyprowski
· vfs update from Al Viro
· xfs update from Ben Myers
· ubifs changes from Artem Bityutskiy
· UBI changes from Artem Bityutskiy
· security subsystem updates from James Morris
· frontswap update from Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk
· Xen update from Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk
· sparc fixes from David Miller
· CRIS changes from Jesper Nilsson
· JFS update from Dave Kleikamp
· devicetree updates from Rob Herring
· preparatory patches for user API disintegration from David Howells
· firewire updates from Stefan Richter
· user namespace compile fix from Eric W Biederman
· drm merge (part 1) from Dave Airlie
· crypto update from Herbert Xu
· remoteproc update from Ohad Ben-Cohen
· ext3 & udf fixes from Jan Kara
· KVM updates from Avi Kivity
· MFD changes from Samuel Ortiz
· misc patches from Andrew Morton
· networking changes from David Miller
· powerpc updates from Benjamin Herrenschmidt
· ARM Xen support from Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk
· SLAB changes from Pekka Enberg
· UAPI disintegration fixes from David Howells
· infiniband changes from Roland Dreier
· battery updates from Anton Vorontsov
· pstore changes from Anton Vorontsov
· media updates from Mauro Carvalho Chehab
· ARM soc defconfig updates from Olof Johansson
· late ARM soc platform updates from Olof Johansson
· virtio changes from Rusty Russell
· m68knommu arch updates from Greg Ungerer
· IMA bugfix (security subsystem) from James Morris
· microblaze arch updates from Michal Simek
· ARM updates from Russell King
· IOMMU updates from Joerg Roedel
· i2c updates from Jean Delvare
· ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o
· ceph updates from Sage Weil
· kbuild fixes from Michal Marek
· UBI fastmap changes from Artem Bityutskiy
· sparc changes from David S Miller
· arm64 changes from Catalin Marinas
· sound updates from Takashi Iwai
· exofs update from Boaz Harrosh
· asm-generic updates from Arnd Bergmann
· MIPS update from Ralf Baechle
· blackfin update from Bob Liu
· Xtensa patchset from Chris Zankel
· patches from Andrew Morton
· CIFS fixes from Steve French
· btrfs update from Chris Mason
· MTD updates from David Woodhouse
· MMC updates from Chris Ball
· slave-dmaengine updates from Vinod Koul
· sparc update from David Miller
· networking updates from David Miller
· UML changes from Richard Weinberger
· generic execve() changes from Al Viro
· nouveau drm fixes from Dave Airlie
· second s390 update from Martin Schwidefsky
· scsi target updates from Nicholas Bellinger
· LED subsystem update from Bryan Wu
· pwm changes from Thierry Reding
· NFS client updates from Trond Myklebust
· hwmon updates from Jean Delvare
· vfio fixes from Alex Williamson
· a firewire fix from Stefan Richter
· block IO update from Jens Axboe
· misc fixes from Andrew Morton
· branch 'akpm' (Fixups from Andrew)
· ARM SoC fixes from Olof Johansson
· i2c-embedded changes from Wolfram Sang
· v9fs update from Eric Van Hensbergen
· fbdev updates from Florian Tobias Schandinat
· kbuild changes from Michal Marek
· kconfig changes from Michal Marek
· kbuild misc changes from Michal Marek
· writeback fixes from Fengguang Wu
· pile 2 of execve and kernel_thread unification work from Al Viro
· pile 2 of vfs updates from Al Viro
· sound updates #2 from Takashi Iwai
· second set of ARM updates from Russell King
· second set of pinctrl patches from Linus Walleij
· second set of media updates from Mauro Carvalho Chehab
· RCU fixes from Ingo Molnar
· scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar
· timer core update from Thomas Gleixner
· SLAB fix from Pekka Enberg
· Xen fixes from Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk
· third pile of VFS updates from Al Viro
· third pile of kernel_execve() patches from Al Viro
· perf updates from Ingo Molnar
· ia64 UAPI changes from Tony Luck
· tile arch update from Chris Metcalf
· Sparc updates from David Miller
· networking updates from David Miller
· nfsd update from J Bruce Fields
· input layer updates from Dmitry Torokhov
· misc SCSI updates from James Bottomley
· device-mapper changes from Alasdair G Kergon
· two more mmc changes from Chris Ball
· Xen UAPI disintegration from Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk
· KGDB/KDB fixes and cleanups from Jason Wessel
· C6X UAPI disintegration from Mark Salter
· arm64 uapi disintegration from Catalin Marinas
· powerpc uapi disintegration from Benjamin Herrenschmidt
· UAPI disintegration for misc arches from David Howells
· OpenRISC updates from Jonas Bonn
· ACPI & Thermal updates from Len Brown
· TPM bugfixes from James Morris
· md updates from NeilBrown
· user namespace compile fixes from Eric W Biederman
· OpenRISC uapi disintegration from Jonas Bonn
· spi UAPI disintegration from David Howells
· UAPI disintegration for include/linux/{,byteorder/}*.h from David Howells
· ARM update from Russell King
· module signing support from Rusty Russell
· MIPS update from Ralf Baechle
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