Infranet is a system that attempts to circumvent web censorship by allowing clients to surreptitiously request sensitive content via cooperating Web servers distributed across the global Internet. An increasing number of countries and companies routinely block or monitor access to parts of the Internet. To counteract these measures, the developers propose Infranet, a system that enables clients to surreptitiously retrieve sensitive content via cooperating Web servers distributed across the global Internet.
These Infranet servers provide clients access to censored sites while continuing to host normal uncensored content. Infranet uses a tunnel protocol that provides a covert communication channel between its clients and servers, modulated over standard HTTP transactions that resemble innocuous Web browsing. In the upstream direction, Infranet clients send covert messages to Infranet servers by associating meaning to the sequence of HTTP requests being made. In the downstream direction, Infranet servers return content by hiding censored data in uncensored images using steganographic techniques.
Infranet consists of a requester and responder communicating over a covert tunnel. A requester, running on a user's computer, uses the tunnel to request censored content. Upon receiving the request, the responder, a standard public Web server running Infranet software, retrieves the sought content from the Web and returns it to the requester via the tunnel.
In the upstream direction, the Infranet tunnel protocol modulates covert messages on standard HTTP requests for uncensored content. This is done using a confidentially negotiated function that maps URLs to message fragments, which compose requests for censored content. The requester and responder communicate via a channel with far greater bandwidth from the responder to the requester than vice versa. Because the responder serves many Infranet users' requests for hidden content, it can maintain the frequency distribution of hidden messages. A requester typically wants to send a message from this distribution.
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